Nepal

NEPAL

Nepal officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia located mainly in the Himalyas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gigentic plains. With an estimated population of 26.4 million, it is 48th largest country by population and 93rd largest country by area. It borders China in the north and India in the south, east, and west by the Indian states of Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh ,Bihar and Sikkim, while Bangladesh is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip and Bhutan is separated from it by the Indian state of Sikkim . A Himalyan  state, Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plain subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountain, including Mount everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. Nepal is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language.

The geographical coordinates are 28°00′N 84°00′E. Nepal falls in the temperate zone north of the Tropic of Cancer.Nepal’s ecological zones run east to west about 800 km along its Himalayan axis, 150 to 250 km north to south, and is vertically intersected by the river systems. The country can be divided into three main geographical regions: Himalayan region, mid hill region and Terai region. The highest point in the country is Mt. Everest (8,848 m) while the lowest point is in the Terai plains of Kechana Kalan in Jhapa (60 m).

 the Gorkha kingdom achieved the unification of nepal. The Shah dynasty established the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, under its Rana Dynasty of premiers. The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and Colonial India. Parliamentry Democracy was introduced in 1951, but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs in 1960 and 2005. The Nepalese civil war in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the proclamation of a secular Republic in 2008, ending the reign of the world's last Hindu monarchy.

The Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2015, establishes Nepal as a Fedral secular Parliamentry republic divided in seven provinces . Nepal was admitted to the United nations in 1955, and friendship treaties were signed with India in 1950 and the Peoples Republic of China in 1960.Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation(SAARC), of which it is a founding member. Nepal is also a member of the Non Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative. The military of nepal is the fifth largest in South Asia and is notable for its Gurkha history, particularly during the world wars, and has been a significant contributor to United Nations Peacekeeping operations.

The Terai region, with width of ranging 26km to 32 km and altitude ranging from 60m to 305 m, occupies about 17 percent of total land area of the country. Kechana Kalan, the lowest point of the country with an altitude of 60 m, lies in Jhapa district of the eastern Terai.The southern lowland Terai continues to the Bhabar belt covered with the Char Kose Jhadi forests known for rich wildlife. Further north, the Siwalik zone (700 – 1,500 m) and the Mahabharat range (1,500m - 2,700m) give way to the Duns (valleys), such as Trijuga, Sindhuli, Chitwan, Dang and Surkhet. The Midlands (600 – 3,500 m), north of the Mahabharat range is where the two beautiful valleys of Kathmandu and Pokhara lie covered in terraced rice fields, and surrounded by forested watersheds. Maratika Cave (also known as Haleshi) is a pilgrimage site associated with Buddhism and Hinduism. Siddha Cave is near Bimalnagar along the Kathmandu-Pokhara highway.Nepal experiences five seasons: summer, monsoon, autumn, winter and spring. The Himalaya blocks cold winds from Central Asia in the winter and forms the northern limit of the monsoon wind patterns. In a land once thickly forested, deforestation is a major problem in all regions, with resulting erosion and degradation of ecosystems.

Nepal is popular for mountaineering, having some of the highest and most challenging mountains in the world, including Mount Everest. Technically, the southeast ridge on the Nepali side of the mountain is easier to climb, so most climbers prefer to trek to Everest through Nepal.the bio geography of Nepal is generally divided from east to west by the Gandaki River. Eco regions to the east tend to receive more precipitation and to be more species-rich. Those to the west are drier with fewer species.